alopecia areata

A 16 year old girl is seen in clinic as she is concerned due to areas of hair loss on the scalp. Past medical history includes atopic eczema and she has a number of depigmented areas on her hands. What is the most likelydiagnosis?

a ) Alopecia areata.
b ) Hypothyroidism
c ) Seborrhoeic dermatitis
d ) SLE
Ans:-a

exp:-alopecia areata
This girl has a compination of vitaligo and alopecia areata which can sometime co exist and have a similar autoimmune aetiology. Discrete areas of hair loss and normal texture on the scalp are highly suggestive of alopecia areata.

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All are supplied by CN III

All are supplied by CN III, except: (fmge sep 2013,sep 2011,march 09)
(a )Superior Oblique
( b)Inferior Oblique
( c)Medial Rectus
( d)Inferior Rectus

Ans: A. Superior Oblique
A mnemonic to remember all extra-ocular muscle innervation: LR6 SO4
LR6--Lateral Rectus--> VI abductens
SO4--Superior Oblique--> IV Trochlear
The remaining 4 eyeball movers = III Oculomotor 

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Thin line of grenz

Thin zone of Grenz is seen in 

a.lepromatous leprosy

b.sarcoidosis

c.lymphoma

d.syphilis

ans:a-lepromatous leprosy 
                                sub epidermal free zone or grenz zone which  is free of typical leprosy cells with giant lysosomes but leprosy bacilii is present.

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amyloidosis

most common cause of death in amyloidosis?

a.heart

b.kidney

c.liver

d.brain

ans: heart   

due to restrictive  cardiomyopathy

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etomidate

Anaesthetic of choice in aneurysmal surgeries?

a.thipentone sodium 

b.etomidate

c.ketamine

d.halothane

ans: etomidate

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le fort #

Le fort's # is fracture of:

a.middle 1/3 of face

b.mandible

c.frontal

d.zygoma

ans:a-middle 1/3 of face or fracture of maxilla

le fort i-tranverse parallel to palate
le fort ii-pyramidal #
lefort iii-craniofacial dysjunction. ii & iii is a/w csf rhinorrhea.

 zygoma # is tripod fracture  --2nd mc bone # after nasal bone

 mandible # : mc is condylar variety

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killian's dehiscence

Diverticulum through killian's  dehiscence is known as:

a.pharyngeal pouch

b.palatine pouch

c.oesophageal pouch

d.none

ans: a- pharyngeal pouch

Zenker's diverticulum is a pulsion diverticulum btwn 2 parts of inferior constrictor 

pathology:  neuromuscular incoordination

 location:    starts in midline posteriorly , then comes to lie in left

symptoms:  dysphagia,regurg,aspiration pneumonia

diagnosis: barrium swallow

treatment: excision of pouch and criccopharyngeal myotomy
DOHLMANN'S procedure in debilitated patients

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