The carpal tunnel contains all of the following important structures
except:
A. Median nerve.
B. Flexor pollicis longus.
C. Flexor carpi radialis.
D. Flexor digitorum superficialis.
Ans. C
02:56 | 0
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Showing posts with label repeatedly asked. Show all posts
Showing posts with label repeatedly asked. Show all posts
Wilm’s tumour
Written By Unknown on Monday, 10 October 2011 | 06:47
Wilm’s tumour may be associated with all except –
a)Genitourinary anomalies
b)Beckwith’s syndrome
c)Aniridia
d)Glaucoma
a)Genitourinary anomalies
b)Beckwith’s syndrome
c)Aniridia
d)Glaucoma
Ans. is ‘d’ i.e., Glaucoma [Ref Patho Robins 7e p. 504, 505 & 6e p. 488 ]
Wilms’ tumor is the most common primary renal tumor of childhood, usually diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 5 years.
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors and is the most common tumor diagnosed in infants less than 1 year of age
Neoplasms that exhibit sharp peaks in incidence in children younger than 10 years of age include (1) leukemia (principally acute lymphoblastic leukemia); (2) neuroblastoma; (3) Wilms’ tumor; (4) hepatoblastoma; (5) retinoblastoma; (6) rhabdomyosarcoma; (7) teratoma; (8) Ewing sarcoma; and, finally, posterior fossa neoplasms–principally (9) juvenile astrocytoma, (10) medulloblastoma, and (11) ependymoma
Hemangiomas: (benign) are the most common tumors of infancy.
WILMS TUMOUR—
The risk of Wilms’ tumor is increased in association with at least three recognizable groups of congenital malformations exhibiting aberrations in at least two distinct chromosomal loci.
1.The first group of patients have the WAGR syndrome characterized by aniridia, genital anomalies, and mental retardation and have a 33% chance of developing Wilms’ tumor.
2.A second group of patients at risk for Wilms’ tumor have the Denys-Drash syndrome, which is characterized by gonadal dysgenesis (male pseudohermaphroditism) and nephropathy leading to renal failure. The majority of these patients develop Wilms’ tumors.
3.Clinically distinct from these previous two groups of patients but also having an increased risk of developing Wilms’ tumor are those children withBeckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, characterized by enlargement of body organs, hemihypertrophy, renal medullary cysts, and abnormal large cells in adrenal cortex (adrenal cytomegaly).
The risk of Wilms’ tumor is increased in association with at least three recognizable groups of congenital malformations exhibiting aberrations in at least two distinct chromosomal loci.
1.The first group of patients have the WAGR syndrome characterized by aniridia, genital anomalies, and mental retardation and have a 33% chance of developing Wilms’ tumor.
2.A second group of patients at risk for Wilms’ tumor have the Denys-Drash syndrome, which is characterized by gonadal dysgenesis (male pseudohermaphroditism) and nephropathy leading to renal failure. The majority of these patients develop Wilms’ tumors.
3.Clinically distinct from these previous two groups of patients but also having an increased risk of developing Wilms’ tumor are those children withBeckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, characterized by enlargement of body organs, hemihypertrophy, renal medullary cysts, and abnormal large cells in adrenal cortex (adrenal cytomegaly).
06:47 | 0
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prion
Written By Unknown on Saturday, 8 October 2011 | 12:24
Which of the following is NOT a prion
disease?
a) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
b) Transmissible mink encephalopathy
c) Scrapie
d) Progressive multifocal
leucoencephalopathy
Correct answer : d) Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy
12:24 | 0
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foramen magnum
Written By Unknown on Thursday, 6 October 2011 | 07:11
Which of the following passes through
the foramen magnum
A. Vertebral artery
B. Sympathetic chain
C. XIth cranial nerve
D. Internal carotid artery
Ans: A. Vertebral artery
07:11 | 0
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nephrotic syndrome
Written By Unknown on Saturday, 10 September 2011 | 03:42
Nephrotic syndrome is caused by all except —
a) Malaria
b) Penicillamine
c) Syphilis
d) Shock
Ans is D
a) Malaria
b) Penicillamine
c) Syphilis
d) Shock
Ans is D
CAUSES OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME in order of frequency-
Primary Glomerular Disease-Membranous glomerulonephritis,Lipoid nephrosis,Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,Other proliferative glomerulonephritis (focal, “pure mesangial,” IgA nephropathy)
Primary Glomerular Disease-Membranous glomerulonephritis,Lipoid nephrosis,Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,Other proliferative glomerulonephritis (focal, “pure mesangial,” IgA nephropathy)
Systemic Diseases–Diabetes mellitus,Amyloidosis,Systemic lupus erythematosus,Drugs (gold, penicillamine, “street heroin”).
Infections (malaria, syphilis, hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Malignant disease (carcinoma, melanoma)
Malignant disease (carcinoma, melanoma)
Miscellaneous (bee-sting allergy, hereditary nephritis)
robbins 953 6th ed
robbins 953 6th ed
03:42 | 0
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glomerulosclerosis
1.Glomerulosclerosis is a feature of -
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Hypertension
c) Acute glomerular
d) Nephrotic syndrome
Ans is A
The kidneys are prime targets of diabetes. Renal failure is second only to myocardial infarction as a cause of death from this disease. Three lesions are encountered: (1) glomerular lesions; (2) renal vascular lesions, principally arteriolosclerosis; and (3) pyelonephritis, including necrotizing papillitis.
The most important glomerular lesions are capillary basement membrane thickening, diffuse glomerulosclerosis, and nodular glomerulosclerosis.
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Hypertension
c) Acute glomerular
d) Nephrotic syndrome
The kidneys are prime targets of diabetes. Renal failure is second only to myocardial infarction as a cause of death from this disease. Three lesions are encountered: (1) glomerular lesions; (2) renal vascular lesions, principally arteriolosclerosis; and (3) pyelonephritis, including necrotizing papillitis.
The most important glomerular lesions are capillary basement membrane thickening, diffuse glomerulosclerosis, and nodular glomerulosclerosis.
03:29 | 0
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esophageal varices
Ramu, a 8-years-old boy presents with upper GI bleeding. On examination,
he is found to have splenomegaly; there are no signs of ascites, or
hepatomegaly; esophageal varices are found on UGIE. Most likely diagnosis is:
A. Budd Chiari syndrome
B. Non cirrhotic portal fibrosis
C. Cirrhosis
D. Veno-occlusive disease
Ans. B
22:54 | 0
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tuberculosis
Characteristic finding in CT in a TB is:
A. Exudate seen in basal cistern
B. Hydrocephalus is non communicating
C. Calcification commonly seen in cerebellum
D. Ventriculitis is a common finding
Ans. A
22:39 | 0
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myasthenia gravis
Which of the following is not associated with thymoma:
A. Red cell aplasia
B. Myasthenia gravis
C. Hypergammaglobulinemia
D. Compression of the superior mediastinum
Ans. C
22:30 | 0
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cushing"s syndrome
A patient with Cushingoid features presents with hemoptysis. He shows no
response to dexamethasone suppression test. Most likely diagnosis is:
A. Adrenal hyperplasia
B. Adrenal adenoma
C. CA lung with ectopic ACTH production
D. Pituitary microadenoma
Ans. C
22:29 | 0
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migraine
Written By Unknown on Sunday, 4 September 2011 | 03:42
A female aged 30 years, presents with episodic throbbing headache for
past 4 years with nausea and vomiting. Most likely diagnosis is:
A. Migraine
B. Cluster headache
C. Angle closure glaucoma
D. Temporal arteritis
Ans. A
03:42 | 0
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