alopecia areata

A 16 year old girl is seen in clinic as she is concerned due to areas of hair loss on the scalp. Past medical history includes atopic eczema and she has a number of depigmented areas on her hands. What is the most likelydiagnosis?

a ) Alopecia areata.
b ) Hypothyroidism
c ) Seborrhoeic dermatitis
d ) SLE
Ans:-a

exp:-alopecia areata
This girl has a compination of vitaligo and alopecia areata which can sometime co exist and have a similar autoimmune aetiology. Discrete areas of hair loss and normal texture on the scalp are highly suggestive of alopecia areata.

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All are supplied by CN III

All are supplied by CN III, except: (fmge sep 2013,sep 2011,march 09)
(a )Superior Oblique
( b)Inferior Oblique
( c)Medial Rectus
( d)Inferior Rectus

Ans: A. Superior Oblique
A mnemonic to remember all extra-ocular muscle innervation: LR6 SO4
LR6--Lateral Rectus--> VI abductens
SO4--Superior Oblique--> IV Trochlear
The remaining 4 eyeball movers = III Oculomotor 

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Thin line of grenz

Thin zone of Grenz is seen in 

a.lepromatous leprosy

b.sarcoidosis

c.lymphoma

d.syphilis

ans:a-lepromatous leprosy 
                                sub epidermal free zone or grenz zone which  is free of typical leprosy cells with giant lysosomes but leprosy bacilii is present.

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amyloidosis

most common cause of death in amyloidosis?

a.heart

b.kidney

c.liver

d.brain

ans: heart   

due to restrictive  cardiomyopathy

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etomidate

Anaesthetic of choice in aneurysmal surgeries?

a.thipentone sodium 

b.etomidate

c.ketamine

d.halothane

ans: etomidate

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le fort #

Le fort's # is fracture of:

a.middle 1/3 of face

b.mandible

c.frontal

d.zygoma

ans:a-middle 1/3 of face or fracture of maxilla

le fort i-tranverse parallel to palate
le fort ii-pyramidal #
lefort iii-craniofacial dysjunction. ii & iii is a/w csf rhinorrhea.

 zygoma # is tripod fracture  --2nd mc bone # after nasal bone

 mandible # : mc is condylar variety

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killian's dehiscence

Diverticulum through killian's  dehiscence is known as:

a.pharyngeal pouch

b.palatine pouch

c.oesophageal pouch

d.none

ans: a- pharyngeal pouch

Zenker's diverticulum is a pulsion diverticulum btwn 2 parts of inferior constrictor 

pathology:  neuromuscular incoordination

 location:    starts in midline posteriorly , then comes to lie in left

symptoms:  dysphagia,regurg,aspiration pneumonia

diagnosis: barrium swallow

treatment: excision of pouch and criccopharyngeal myotomy
DOHLMANN'S procedure in debilitated patients

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green coloured urine

Green coloured urine is seen in?

a.copper sulphate

b.opium

c.nitric acid

d.phenol

ans: d-phenol (carbolic acid)

known as carboluria due to derivatives of phenol- oxidised hydroquinone &  pyrocetachol

brown coloured urine is seen in nitric acid poisoning

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temperature for cremation

For how long in cremation ,900-1000  degree celsius  is used?

a.1 hour

b.2 hours

c.30 minutes

d.3 hours

ans:c- 30 minutes

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annular pancreas

Annular pancreas occurs most commonly in

a.first borne male child

b.first borne female child

c.down's syndrome

d.alcoholics

ans:c-downs syndrome

failure of complete rotation of ventral pancreatic bud so that a ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds 2nd or 3rd  part of duodenum
plain radiograph: DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN

treatment: bypass duodenoejunostomy or duodenoduodenostomy

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hunner's ulcer

Hunner's ulcer is seen in:

a.ureter

b.bladder

c.urethra

d.kidney

ans:bladder

HUNNER'S ULCER (INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS)

• Female. 40 yrs
• chronic pancystitis-fibrosis-ulceration in the fundus of bladder

investigation- cystoscopy

TREATMENT:hydrostatic dilatation under anaesthesia

                       light diathermy fulguration helps

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measles

cause of blindness associated with measles?

a.encephalitis

b.SSPE

c.keratomalacia

d.Glaucoma

ans:c-keratomalacia

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T1DM

all of the following are important in development of Type1 DM except:

a.high sugar

b.gluten

c.smoked and red meat

d.cow milk

ans: high sugar

T1DM is due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. 

important dietary factors are bovine serum albumin, major constituent of cow milk.

also , cocksackie and rubella

a/w HLA DR3/HLA DR4

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multiple myeloma

Rarest variety of multiple myeloma?

a.IgM

b.IgG

c.IgD

d.IgE

ans:IgE

mc translocation is t(11;14)

CLASSICAL TRIAD:

marrow plasmacytocysis

lytic lesions

serum or urine M component

for diagnosis salmon and durie criteria is used.

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dipsomania

Disorder associated with impulse to consume alcohol is called:

a.kleptomania

b.dipsomania

c.pyromania

d.nymphomania

ans:b- dipsomania

kleptomania-irresistable desire to steal

pyromania- irresistable desire to set fire

mutilomania- irresistable desire to mutilate animals

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clara cells

clara cells are seen in:

a.bronchoalveolar cell ca

b.small cell ca

c.squamous cell ca

d.non small cell ca

ans:a  bronchoalveolar cell ca
constitute 1-9% of lung tumors  affect terminal bronchoalveolar regions 
growth pattern is referred to 'lepdic'

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base pairs

no of base pairs in human chromosome?

a.3 million

b.3 billion

c.3.3 billion

d.5 million

ans:3 billion base pairs

total no of genes----------30,000
total no of genes in human chromosome-----------1,00,000genes

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iv cranial nerve

cranial nerve with longest intracranial route??

a.abduscent

b.trochlear

c.facial

d.auditary

ans:trochlear

its the only cranial nerve to emerge dorsally from brainstem

characteristic sign of injury---diplopia on looking down!

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swiss cheese appearance

swiss cheese patter seen in ?

a.ocp

b.metropathia haemorrhagica

c.glandular hyperplasia

d.vesicular mole

ans: b

its a cause of anovulatory DUB

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strawberries of medicine

In which of the following infections strawberry vagina  is seen?

a.candidiasis

b.trichomoniasis

c.gonococcal infection

d.chlamydial infection

ans: trichomoniasis

strawberry skin in  mucosa        sarcoidosis

 strawberry   tongue                  scarlet fever,TSS,kawasaki disease

strawberry  gums                       wegners granulomatosis

strawberry shaped skull             edwards syndrome

strawberry nasal mass                rhinosporidiosis

strawberry hemangioma             capillary hemangioma

strawberry gallbladder                cholesterolosis

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