A 60 year old male, Kallu, on CT scan was found to have a solid tumor

A 60 year old male, Kallu, on CT scan was found to have a solid tumor involving the inferior vena cava and renal vein. The tumor was within the Gerota’s fascia. All the following can be done except


a) chest X-ray to rule out pulmonary metastasis 
b) pre-operative radiotherapy is not favorable  
c) IVC invasion is inoperable 
d) pre-operative biopsy is not indicated


Ans (c)